Key Takeaways
- Swelling in the feet and ankles can result from medical conditions, injuries, lifestyle habits, or medications.
- Edema, or fluid retention in the legs, is a common cause and may indicate serious health issues.
- Both natural remedies and medical interventions play an important role in managing swelling effectively.
- For sudden, severe, or painful swelling, seek immediate care at our emergency room, South Lamar, to prevent complications.
Swollen Feet Causes
Swelling in the feet occurs when excess fluid builds up in the tissues of the lower legs and ankles. This can cause puffiness, tightness, discomfort, or difficulty walking. According to a nationally representative study, there is a 19%–20% prevalence of chronic lower‑limb (foot/ankle) swelling in U.S. adults aged 51 and older. While mild swelling after prolonged standing or activity is often harmless, persistent or severe swelling may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires attention.
1. Edema
Edema is excess fluid accumulation in the feet, ankles, or lower legs, often caused by heart, kidney, or liver issues, certain medications, or prolonged inactivity. Patients may notice swelling on top of the foot, puffiness around the ankles, and shiny skin, which can limit mobility. Chronic edema increases the risk of skin infections and ulcers, especially in older adults or diabetic individuals.
Can Edema Kill You?
Edema itself is rarely fatal but may signal serious conditions like heart failure or kidney dysfunction. Excess fluid can accumulate in the lungs, causing shortness of breath or fatigue. Sudden swelling, especially with other warning signs like chest discomfort, requires immediate medical evaluation to prevent life-threatening complications.
2. Prolonged Standing or Sitting
Extended periods of standing or sitting can cause fluid and blood to pool in the lower legs, resulting in swelling in the feet and ankles. Reduced calf muscle activity slows circulation while gravity draws fluids downward, leading to heaviness and stiffness. People with sedentary jobs or pre-existing vein issues may notice more pronounced swelling, particularly by the end of the day.
Why It Happens
- Fluid settles in the feet due to gravity.
- Reduced muscle activity slows circulation.
- Tight footwear or restrictive clothing worsens retention.
- Venous insufficiency increases swelling severity.
3. Injury or Trauma
Trauma to the feet or ankles, including ankle injuries or a sprained ankle, triggers inflammation, causing localized swelling to protect damaged tissues. Swelling may appear immediately or over several hours, often with redness, warmth, or pain, restricting mobility. Timely assessment ensures proper healing and prevents long-term complications.
Types of Injuries
- Sprains or ligament tears from twisting or rolling the ankle.
- Fractures or broken bones in the foot or ankle.
- Muscle or tendon strains from overuse or sports injuries.
- Bruises or contusions from direct trauma.
4. High Salt Intake
Excess dietary sodium causes the body to retain water, leading to swelling in the feet and ankles. Chronic high salt intake can worsen pre-existing edema and raise blood pressure. Avoiding processed meats, fast food, canned products, and salty snacks can help reduce fluid retention and prevent swelling from worsening.
Foods High in Salt to Avoid
- Processed meats: bacon, sausages, deli meats
- Packaged snacks: chips, crackers, salted nuts
- Fast food: fries, burgers, fried chicken
- Canned soups, sauces, and pickled foods
- Certain cheeses and ready-to-eat meals.
5. Pregnancy
Pregnancy increases fluid retention due to hormonal changes and pressure on leg veins, causing swollen feet and ankles, especially in the third trimester. Swelling may lead to tightness in shoes and discomfort when walking. Women with pre-existing hypertension or vascular issues may experience more severe swelling and require monitoring.
How to Help Swollen Feet During Pregnancy
- Elevate the legs several times a day.
- Wear supportive shoes and avoid tight socks.
- Limit salt intake and maintain hydration.
- Engage in gentle walking or swimming exercises.
6. Infections
Infections in the feet or ankles trigger inflammation, causing localized swelling, warmth, and tenderness. The immune system sends fluids and white blood cells to fight pathogens, resulting in puffiness. Prompt treatment prevents the infection from spreading and reduces the risk of cellulitis, abscesses, or systemic illness.
Types of Infections
- Bacterial infections like cellulitis.
- Fungal infections such as athlete’s foot.
- Infected wounds or ulcers, particularly in diabetics.
- Post-surgical infections affecting the foot or ankle.
7. Medications
Certain medications can cause swelling in the feet and ankles by affecting kidney function, hormones, or circulation. Swelling may develop gradually and impact mobility or comfort. People taking these medications should monitor for persistent swelling and consult their doctor if it worsens, as adjustments or alternatives may be necessary.
Common Medications That Cause Swelling
- Blood pressure drugs (calcium channel blockers).
- Corticosteroids like prednisone.
- NSAIDs.
- Hormonal therapies (estrogen or testosterone replacement).
- Some diabetes medications.
8. Blood Clots
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can cause sudden swelling in one foot or ankle and is a serious medical emergency. Swelling may be accompanied by warmth, redness, and pain. Immediate medical attention is essential to prevent pulmonary embolism or other life-threatening complications.
Symptoms and Risk Factors for Blood Clots
- Sudden swelling in one leg
- Warmth, redness, or tenderness
- Risk factors: prolonged immobility, surgery, obesity, smoking, inherited clotting disorders
Legs and Feet Swelling Treatment
Medical treatment addresses the underlying cause of swelling and prevents complications. Persistent or severe swelling often requires professional evaluation and intervention. Early intervention can prevent long-term tissue damage and reduce discomfort.
Medical Treatments
- Diuretics: Help remove excess fluid from the body, particularly in cases of edema caused by heart, kidney, or liver issues.
- Compression therapy: Medical-grade stockings improve circulation and reduce fluid accumulation in chronic cases.
- Treatment of underlying conditions: Proper management of heart, kidney, or liver problems prevents recurrence.
- Clinical monitoring or hospitalization: Severe or persistent edema may require observation to safely manage fluid levels.
- Surgical procedures: Repair veins, remove clots, or treat chronic venous insufficiency.
- Medication adjustments: Modify or switch medications if swelling is a side effect.
If these treatments do not relieve swelling or symptoms worsen, contact Austin Emergency Center for prompt evaluation and personalized care.
How Do You Reduce Feet Swelling Naturally
- Regular walking, calf exercises, or gentle stretching to improve circulation.
- Elevating the feet for 15–30 minutes several times a day.
- Wearing supportive shoes and avoiding tight socks or footwear.
- Reducing salt intake to minimize fluid retention.
- Maintaining adequate hydration helps flush excess fluids.
What to Drink to Reduce Swelling in Feet
- Water is needed to maintain proper fluid balance.
- Herbal teas like dandelion, ginger, or green tea have natural diuretic properties.
- Fresh fruit juices such as watermelon, cucumber, or citrus.
- Limiting sugary or caffeinated drinks can worsen swelling.
Austin Emergency Center: Swollen Feet and Ankle Care
If you’re wondering “what is the cause of swelling in the feet,” persistent or sudden swelling can signal underlying health issues, including heart, kidney, or vascular conditions. Early evaluation and proper management, including emergency care when needed, help reduce swelling, prevent complications, and support overall leg and foot health.
At Austin Emergency Center, our experienced team provides prompt, professional care for individuals experiencing swollen feet, edema, or related symptoms. We offer personalized assessment, treatment plans, and follow-up support to help you restore comfort and mobility. Contact us today for trusted care and expert support.